Why Computer Security | what is computer security | definition of computer security | computer security | pc security | security | Fermilab Strategy | Integrated Security Management

Fermilab Strategy:

• Integrated Computer Security
• Defense in Depth
• Your role and responsibilities as a user
• Other Computing Policy Issues
• Data backup
• Incidental use
• Privacy
• Offensive material
• Licensing

The Internet is a dangerous place

We are constantly being scanned for weak or vulnerable systems; new unpatched systems will be exploited within minutes.

Fermilab is an attractive target

• High network bandwidth is useful for attackers who take over lab computers
   
• Publicity value of compromising a .gov site
   
• Attackers may not realize we have no information useful to them

We need to protect

• Our data
• Our ability to use our computers (denial of service attacks)
• Our reputation with DOE, Congress and the general public

Major sources of danger

• Running malicious code on your machine due to system or application vulnerabilities or improper user actions
  Carrying infected machines (laptops) in from off site

Integrated Security Management

Defense in Depth

• Perimeter Controls and auto blocking
• Mail gateway virus scanning
• Strong Authentication (Kerberos)
• Critical System plans
• Critical vulnerabilities
• Prompt response to computer security incidents (FCIRT)
• Intelligent and informed user community

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CPU | assembling cpu

Installing the CPU, and the CPU’s heat-sink and fan, are by far the most difficult steps you’ll have to complete during your build. Here, more than anywhere else, it will pay to read the instructions carefully, look at the parts, study the diagrams that came with your CPU and/or third party cooling solution, and make sure you thoroughly understand what you are going to do before you try to do it. During the process, if anything does not seem to fit or make sense, put the parts down and look things over carefully before you proceed. Some operations, especially installing the heat-sink/fan combination, can require pretty firm pressure, so don’t be afraid to push a little harder if you’re sure everything is set up correctly.

The details of the installation process differ in slight but important ways for each manufacturer’s processors, and even within a manufacturer's product line. Therefore, for these details, you should rely on the instructions that are provided with the CPU.

If you buy a third party cooling solution for your CPU make sure you get one that is compatible with the CPU you have. Most brands come with multiple mounting brackets that will suit many different chipsets, but it is best to check for compatibility just in case.

If using thermal paste, apply it only to the CPU die (the square piece of silicon in the middle of the CPU) and do so sparingly -- most modern CPUs take no more than a dab of thermal paste the size of a grain of rice. Some people do like to wipe some onto the heat-sink's surface and then wipe it smoothly off so that bits of it may get into tiny holes for better heat transfer.

One option you may consider, before installing the heat-sink, is to "lap" the heat-sink, which means to smooth out the bottom surface. To do this, you will need a very flat surface; a piece of thick window glass will work. Fasten your sandpaper on the flat surface, invert the heat-sink on the sandpaper and sand in small circles, applying minimum pressure. If you get it right, you should have a surface which feels completely smooth to the touch with a mirror finish. Some companies producing heat-sinks lap the surface themselves, so if the surface already looks like a perfect mirror, leave it alone. A lapped heat-sink is more effective as it will have better surface contact with the chip.

Tighten the cooler using only the specified holding devices - if you did everything right, they will fit. If they do not fit, check your setup - most likely something is wrong. After mounting the cooler, connect any power cables for the fan that is attached to the cooler.

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Motherboard | PC Motherboard | Computer Motherboard | Motherboard of computer | Motherboard of pc | Assembling the Motherboard

If you have trouble lining up the screw holes, double check that you have the standoffs in the proper holes on the tray. With lower quality cases there are sometimes alignment problems and you may have to forgo one or two screws.

Remove the I/O Shield from the back of the case where the ports on the back of the motherboard will fit, and put in the I/O Shield that came with your motherboard. There may be small metal tabs on the inside of this face plate, if so you may have to adjust them to accommodate the ports on the back of the motherboard.

Some case styles make it difficult to install the motherboard or the CPU with the power supply installed. If the power supply is in your way, take it out and set it aside (we'll put it back in later).

Now locate the screw holes on your motherboard and find the corresponding holes on the motherboard plate (or tray) in the case. Put a standoff in each of these holes on the tray and position the motherboard so that you can see the holes in the top of the standoffs through the screw holes in the motherboard.

Now is the time to make sure the ports on the motherboard are mating with the back plate  you just installed, and make any necessary adjustments. The small metal tabs are intended to make contact with the metal parts of the connections on the back of the motherboard and ground them, but you may have to bend these tabs a bit to get the ports all properly mounted, this is where those needle-nose pliers may come in handy.

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Computer Tricks | Computer Shortcut Key | PC Tips | computer tricks | computer shortcut key | pc tips | computer tips

PC Tips

Short cut keys are an easy way to complete tasks on a computer.

Short Cut Keys

Ctrl + C = Copy
Ctrl + V = Paste
Ctrl + X = Cut
Ctrl + B = Bold
Ctrl + U = Underline
Ctrl + I = Italics
Ctrl + N = New Window

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Choose the right combination of hardware

E.g.

• Home use and web surfing,
• LAN card or modem is needed,
• No need to install sophisticated hardware.

Cost considerations

• Never go for CPU with the highest speed,
• Choose a hard disk with appropriate capacity,
• Consider reputation and warranty.

Precautions in computer assembling

• Discharge oneself before handling hardware.
• Hold the main board and expansion cards by edges.
• Return the main board and peripherals to anti-static bags.
• Disconnect the power before working on the system.

Step 1: Installing the Power Supply

Step 2: Configuring the Main Board jumper

• CPU System Bus Frequency
• CPU Clock Ratio
• CPU Core Voltage

Step 3: Inserting CPU into the main board

• The socket, heat sink and fan support base are mounted onto the main board

• Heat sink and fan: prevent overheating

Step 4: Inserting the RAM

Step 5: Mounting the main board into the computer case

Step 6: Main board signal connections

Step 7: Connecting the Power Supply to the Main Board

    

Step 8: Installing the expansion cards

• Install the video adapter first
• AGP card goes into the AGP slot

Installing IDE devices

• IDE drives: hard disk, CD-ROM's and DVD-ROM's
• Set the jumpers on the drives before mounting
• Two IDES channels on the main board
• Each channel can attach to two devices

Step 9: System check

• Connect the power cable
• Switch on the computer
• Check the message on screen
• Set up BIOS and install OS if the system works fine

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Internet Using How to Safe | Safety for internet | How to safe internet

Internet Using How to Safe

 

• Don't save your login information. Always log out of Web sites by clicking "log out" on the site. It's not enough to simply close the browser window or type in another address.
  Many programs (especially instant messenger programs) include automatic login features that will save your user name and password. Disable this option so no one can log in as you.
• Don't leave the computer unattended with sensitive information on the screen. If you have to leave the public computer, log out of all programs and close all windows that might display sensitive information.
• Erase your tracks. Web browsers such as Internet Explorer keep a record of your passwords and every page you visit, even after you’ve closed them and logged out.

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 How to Safety Your Computer

•  Download Panda Anti virus Kill all Viruses & Spy wares with the latest Panda Anti virus software's.
•  Firewalls are necessary even if you have a dial-up Internet connection - it takes only minutes for a a non-firewall ed computer to be infected. Free zone alarm Firewall
• Using the Windows Firewall
•  Secure your browser. If you use Internet Explorer, you will be able to take advantage of the security zones settings to ensure optimum browsing safety. Not only will you enjoy safer browsing, you'll be able to eliminate unwanted pop-ups as well.

 

 

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